Entwicklung eines ontologie-basierten Kostenmodells für Produktneuentwicklungen

Mit der vorliegenden Masterarbeit wird die Kosten- und Zeitermittlung eines Neuproduktes in der Entwicklungsphase betrachtet. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf den Fertigungskosten und -zeiten, auf den Komponenten eines Produktes sowie bei der Einzelfertigung. In diesem Kontext wird ein Kostenmodell entwickelt. Dieses zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass es die Produktinformationen aus einem Wissensgraphen bezieht. Das Modell selbst entspricht einem integrierten Ansatz im Sinne der Kombination einer intuitiven und analogischen Methode. Dabei ist eine analytische Methode indirekt durch die Berücksichtigung der Kosten- und Zeitstruktur integriert. Folglich wird im ersten Teil des Kostenmodells das neuentwickelte Bauteil mit bereits gefertigten Bauteilen verglichen. Im zweiten Teil werden sowohl für das neue Bauteile als auch für die ähnlichsten Bauteile, die im ersten Teil definiert worden sind, die Kosten und Zeiten mithilfe einer Regressionsmethode ermittelt. Im letzten und dritten Teil werden mithilfe eines Korrekturfaktors die Ergebnisse des zweiten Teils entsprechend der Genauigkeit der Regressionsmethode für die ähnlichsten Bauteile angepasst. Das entwickelte Kostenmodell wird mithilfe eines Testdatensatzes evaluiert. Dabei kann die entwickelte Methode gute Ergebnisse erzielen

Foresight methods and SAMIS related decision support scenarios development. Final report

This report aims to provide an overall understanding of the advanced course main learning objectives, e-seminars structures and outputs. It presents the scenarios and visuals developed by the participants through the advanced course

Similarity analysis of engineer-to-order parts based on a knowledge graph

By estimating manufacturing costs and times at an early design stage, design of a part and production planning can be improved to significantly reduce product costs. Therefore, a concept for automated estimation of costs and times based on similarity analysis is introduced. This concept is based on a semantic and machine-interpretable representation of part geometries, manufacturing processes and machine capabilities stored in a knowledge graph and uses a semantic distance combined with a numerical distance to compare a new part design with already produced parts. With combined similarity measures and information on manufacturing process steps stored in the knowledge graph, it is possible to estimate the expected manufacturing costs and times

Impact of increased wood pellet demand on biodiversity in the south-eastern United States

Increasing wood pellet exports from the United States are projected to lead to changes in land use and timberland management, including a shift from natural timberland to pine plantations. These projected changes may impact biodiversity. This study aims to quantify potential biodiversity impacts of increased wood pellet demand in the south-eastern United States in a spatially explicit manner. We determined differences according to an index of potential species richness (for total, threatened and endemic species and four taxonomic groups) between scenarios of high and low demand for wood pellets, while taking into account potential developments in other wood markets and other land uses. Increased demand for wood pellets was projected to cause both positive and negative biodiversity impacts. Negative shifts in total potential species richness were projected for areas in Florida, coastal Virginia and North Carolina, and parts of the Gulf Coast. Positive shifts in total potential species richness were projected in parts of Oklahoma and Arkansas. In some locations, the direction of change differed per taxonomic group, highlighting the importance of analysing different taxonomic groups. Shifts in potential species richness due to increased wood pellet demand were considerably smaller compared to the changes due to other drivers, such as urbanization and increased timber demand. Biodiversity impacts due to wood pellet demand should therefore be considered in the context of other drivers of land-use change and biodiversity loss. Our results provide information that allows policymakers, industry and NGOs to focus on areas of concern and take appropriate mitigation measures to limit negative biodiversity impacts and promote positive impacts. The spatially explicit approach presented in this study can be applied to different regions and drivers of land-use change, to show how projected demand for an internationally traded commodity may lead to impacts on land use and biodiversity in the procurement region

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications

International differences in employee silence motives: Scale validation, prevalence, and relationships with culture characteristics across 33 countries

Employee silence, the withholding of work‐related ideas, questions, or concerns from someone who could effect change, has been proposed to hamper individual and collective learning as well as the detection of errors and unethical behaviors in many areas of the world. To facilitate cross‐cultural research, we validated an instrument measuring four employee silence motives (i.e., silence based on fear, resignation, prosocial, and selfish motives) in 21 languages. Across 33 countries (N = 8,222) representing diverse cultural clusters, the instrument shows good psychometric properties (i.e., internal reliabilities, factor structure, and measurement invariance). Results further revealed similarities and differences in the prevalence of silence motives between countries, but did not necessarily support cultural stereotypes. To explore the role of culture for silence, we examined relationships of silence motives with the societal practices cultural dimensions from the GLOBE Program. We found relationships between silence motives and power distance, institutional collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance. Overall, the findings suggest that relationships between silence and cultural dimensions are more complex than commonly assumed. We discuss the explanatory power of nations as (cultural) units of analysis, our social scientific approach, the predictive value of cultural dimensions, and opportunities to extend silence research geographically, methodologically, and conceptually